]> 2024-06-13T08:27:34+00:00 Scandinavian languages 0 0185 englanti 2021-11-24T17:34:03Z

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Scandinavian languages Scandinavian languages: Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Islandic and Faroese. Swedish and Norwegian in particular still continue to exert a strong influence on the [[Modern Saami languages|Saami languages]]. The stratum of Scandinavian loan words which are common to the Saami languages goes back to Proto-Scandinavian, and it is fairly extensive, amounting to several hundred words. Proto-Scandinavian load words can be distinguished from Proto-Germanic borrowings according to phonetic criteria that describe how the sounds of [[Proto-Germa|Proto-Germanic]] and Proto-Scandinavian were represented in Saami, and to a lesser extent from sound changes within the Germanic languages. Among the most important sound changes that took place with Saami under the influence of Proto-Germanic and Proto-Scandinavian are the earliest vowel shifts in the first syllable in [[Proto-Saami|Proto-Saami]] (e.g. a > ō (> uo)) and the change of the sibilant ? to s. In borrowings from Proto-Scandinavian, a source a usually corresponds to a long ā, as in the words bárdni 'son, boy' (cf. Swedish barn 'child') and láddi 'peasant' (cf. Swedish land 'land'), but for example later consonant changes in western Saami (-rn- > -rdn- and -nd- > -dd-) have taken place in the same way as in the original words. Some further examples of Saami borrowings from Proto-Scandinavian are: * áibmu 'air, dwelling', * ákšu 'axe', * arbi 'legacy', * biergu 'flesh', * datni 'tin', * gáhku 'bread', * gávdi 'thing', * láidet 'to lead', * lávgut 'to bathe', * mánnu 'moon, month', * niibi 'knife', * nuorti 'east', * ráidu 'caravan', * sáidi 'coalfish', * sávza 'sheep' and * vuosta 'cheese'. Otsikko 102