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Ceramic History +
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<P align="justify"> [[Ceramic|Cerami … <P align="justify"> [[Ceramic|Ceramics]] began to be manufactured c. 8000 B.C. in the Middle East. Agricultural communities that manufactured pottery moved into the Balkans c. 7000 B.C. and on into central Europe c. 5500 B.C. About 4700 B.C. the hunting communities of the [[Mesolithic|Mesolithic]] Ertebølle culture of Denmark and southernmost Sweden adopted the manufacture of pottery. About 3900 B.C. pottery-manufacturing agricultural communities of the Funnel Beaker Culture migrated as far as the northern border of the oak mixed forest of central Sweden (about 60ºN). North of this the hunting societies did not use pottery for another 2000 years.</P>
<P align="justify"> From the Balkans the use of pottery had also been adopted in the hunting communities of the western part of eastern Europe. The hunting communities of central Russia adopted the use of pottery c. 6000 B.C., but where this technology came from has not been ascertained. The hunting communities of the Onega region adopted ceramic production from central Russia over 500 years later, and by c. 5000 B.C. the southern half of eastern [[Fennoscandia|Fennoscandia]] (up to about 65ºN) and by c. 4500 B.C. the northern half too as far as a border zone running between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Varanger Fjord had begun to use ceramics. West of this zone, pottery was not used for another 2600 years. However, the production of ceramics was soon given up in Finnish Lapland as far south as the Arctic Circle. Later several waves of influence characterized by different pottery types came into eastern Fennoscandia from central Russia, all of them reaching as far north as the Arctic Circle. They included Combed Ware (Combed Ware Style 2 about 3900 B.C.), Volosovo Ware (Kierikki c. 3600 B.C., Pöljä-Jysmä c. 3100 B.C.), and Textile Impressed Ware (c 1900 B.C.) This last arrival meant the beginning of the Early Metal Age as local asbestos ceramics also underwent a transformation (Palaiguba 2). </P>
<P align="justify"> About 1000 B.C. there emerged new types of ceramics (Anttila, Luukonsaari, Sirnihta), which could be made from clay mixed with asbestos, talc or mica. In eastern Fennoscandia, the manufacture of pottery in local communities ceased with the end of the Early Metal Age about A.D. 300 ([[Chronology|Chronology]]).</P>
<P align="justify"> About 1900 B.C. the archaeological context, which is characterized by the Lovozero (or L) Ware, expanded over northern Fennoscandia and initiated the Early Metal Age there. Along with it there appeared so-called ‘imitated textile impressed ceramics’. About 650 B.C. Kjelmøy (or K) Ware displaced previous types. In eastern and northern Fennoscandia too, pottery manufacture ceased at the end of the Early Metal Age c. A.D. 300. ([[Chronology|Chronology]]). The historically identified Saamis did not manufacture pottery and hardly used it ([[Phases of Saami (cultural) development|Saami identity: stages]]).</P><BR><BR>
[[Table of contents: Archaeology| Table of contents: Archaeology]]<BR><BR>ontents: Archaeology]]<BR><BR> +
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